全国2012年7月自学考试00836《英语科技文选》试题
全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试
英语科技文选试题
课程代码：00836
PART A: VOCABULARY
I. Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8%)
1.extricable 无法摆脱的
2.variant 不变量
3.period 周期的
4.play 相互作用
5.normal 异常的
6.diversify 变化;不同之处
7.habit 同居
8.rhythm 有节奏地
II. Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form.(12%)
in relation to run for a wide range of contribute to
burst forth to the tune of response to after all
cater for draw on with respect to do justice to
9. Parents often have little choice ____________ the way their child is medically treated.
10. There is ____________ opinions on house shortage.
11. Mary ____________ the Senate and won.
12. Most TV sets don’t have the sound quality to ____________ the music.
13. The money he had been ordered to pay was minimal ____________ his salary.
14. My friend sent a ____________ my letter.
15. You should not feel guilty for not helping him; ____________ you have helped him many times in the past.
16. The chef is pleased to ____________ vegetarian diets.
17. A writer has to ____________ his imagination and experience.
18. Please ____________ this collection of money for homeless families.
19. The trees ____________ in spring.
20. They’ve been sponsoring the World Cup ____________ over a million and a half pounds.
III. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)
used communication together especially leaves
years opportunities average realized devoted
Perhaps more important than the lack of family outings is the destruction of family time 21 at home. Social scientists in the 1950s could not have 22 how much television Americans would watch in the 1980s; the 23 American watches 6 hours of TV a day. That 24 little time for the special family characteristics and traditions that 25 to be formed during long evenings together. The time 26 to games, songs, and hobbies—all shared activities—in the 27 before TV is now dominated by the “tube.” And 28 damaging to family relationships is the elimination of the 29 for talking; chatting, arguing, discussing. Without such 30 , family life disintegrates.
PART B: TRANSLATION
IV. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)
reinforce untangle gigantic given typify
31.鲸鱼是海洋中一种巨大的哺乳动物。
32.假如有机会，我会整天都看书。
33.汤姆，你整理电线在行吗?
34.他的行为只能让我更讨厌他。
35.他最新的书反映了中国的传统思想，这也代表了他大部分作品的特点。
V. Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)
36. Life is a continuous flow of experience; each act or moment of time is preceded by a previous experience and becomes the threshold for the experience to come. If we acknowledge that an objective of life is the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences, then the relationship of spaces to one another, as experienced over time, becomes a major design problem. When viewed in this way, architecture takes its place with the arts of poetry and music, in which no single part can be considered except in relation to what immediately precedes or follows it.
PART C: READING COMPREHENSION
VI. Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)
(A)
Hundreds of thousands of residents in Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines and Russia’s Kamchatka were told to evacuate after one of the world’s strongest quakes in a century hit Chile on Saturday, killing more than 300 people. Japanese officials had warned that tsunami waves of 3 meters or more could strike the country’s Pacific coast and ordered or advised around 630,000 households to evacuate. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) put the country’s highest tsunami at 1.2 meters in the port of Kuji, northeast Japan. Smaller waves hit a swathe of the country from the small island of Minamitori 1,950 km (1,200 miles) south of Tokyo to Hokkaido island in the north. The JMA later downgraded its warning of a “major tsunami” to a tsunami of around 2 meters, but said residents should not let down their guard. “Carelessness could be the biggest enemy,” Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama told reporters earlier in the day. It was Japan’s first major tsunami warning in 17 years and only the fourth since 1952, the JMA said. Train services were halted in many areas along the Pacific coast, many highways were closed and there was minor flooding. Two nuclear plants in the area were operating normally and Japan’s Nippon Oil Corp said its 145,000 barrel-per-day Sendai refinery was also functioning as usual. Police cars and fire trucks patrolled coastal roads and fishing boats, seeking to avoid any tsunami, headed out to sea under gray skies, with snow flurries in some areas. Japan is no stranger to tsunamis. In 1896, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake and tsunami left more than 22,000 dead in northeastern Japan. Another of magnitude 8.1 hit the same region in 1933, killing 3,064. In May 1960, a tsunami struck the coasts of Hokkaido and other northern Pacific coastal areas after an earthquake in Chile, killing around 140 people. Since then, many harbors have had sea gates installed to try to protect from tsunami and storms. The first waves to hit New Zealand were reported at the remote Chatham Islands, around 800 kilometers (500 miles) east of New Zealand, with surges of up to 1.5 meters measured, the Civil Defense Ministry said. Authorities in Russia’s far eastern Kamchatka region lifted a tsunami alert after a series of small waves appeared to cause no damage, a spokeswoman for the Emergencies Ministry said. A tsunami hit beaches in eastern Australia but there were no initial reports of damage. Officials issued an alert for most of the east coast and eastern parts of the island state of Tasmania, but said there were no concerns about major inundation. The Philippines canceled a tsunami alert on the eastern seaboard after the threat
dissipated. Hawaii dodged serious damage on Saturday when a tsunami merely lapped ashore, although residents were warned to stay away from coastal areas because the ocean could remain unsettled for several more hours.
37. What is the passage primarily about? ( )
A. How to protect against tsunami. B. The history of tsunami.
C. The Tsunami warning. D. Chile’s earthquake.
38. According to the passage, all the following are true about Japan EXCEPT ______.
A. that Japanese authorities were concerned about the tsunami
B. that some Japanese were killed in a tsunami following a Chile’s earthquake
C. that the earthquake of 8-plus magnitude struck Japan in the same area twice within thirty years or so
D. that many harbors in Japan have had sea gates since the mid-19th century
39. Which of the following is NOT true in Japan after the officials issued a wanting of the tsunami?( )
A. Trains went out of service in many areas along the coast.
B. Many highways were closed.
C. There was serious flooding.
D. Snow flurried in some areas.
40. What can be inferred from the figures of deaths in the earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan at different times? ( )
A. Earthquakes and tsunamis are now less destructive.
B. More effective measures are now available.
C. The Japanese are more alert to the dangers of earthquakes and tsunamis.
D. The Japanese now live in anti-seismic buildings.
41. Which of the following countries put an end to the tsunami warning? ( )
A. Japan and New Zealand. B. The US and Australia.
C. Russia and the US. D. The Philippines and Russia.
(B)
It could be that certain bacteria cause inflammation that can affect appetite as well as inflammatory bowel conditions like Crohn’s disease and colitis, the researchers reported in the journal Science. In other words, the germs make you overeat, Andrew Gewirtz of Emory University in Atlanta and colleagues reported. “Previous research has suggested that bacteria can influence how well energy is absorbed from food, but these findings demonstrate that intestinal bacteria can actually influence appetite,” Gewirtz said. “The obesity epidemic is driven by people eating too much, but why are people eating more?” Gewirtz said the research suggests that bacteria may play a role — perhaps a population of bacteria that thrive because other competing organisms have been wiped out by antibiotics have access to clean water and other factors of modern life. His team stumbled on the findings by accident. “We were studying mice that had colitis,” Gewirtz said in a telephone interview. The team suspected some kind of germ was responsible, so they transferred mouse embryos into surrogate mothers to prevent them from being infected by their own mothers. Babies are colonized by bacteria and other micro-organisms soon after birth and the makeup of these colonies — which persist for life in the skin and bowels — are very similar to those of the mother. The colitis was better but the baby mice became obese and developed metabolic syndrome — a cluster of symptoms that include unhealthy cholesterol levels, too much fat around the midsection, high blood pressure and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance means the body does not use insulin effectively to break down food and Gewirtz believes this may be the key. The researchers remembered a recent study in which normal, slender mice became obese when fed gut bacteria from fat mice. They worked with that team, including Ruth Ley of Cornell University in New York, to see what role the gut bacteria may be playing. “What we think is that the mice are prone to intestinal inflammation,” Gewirtz said. “If you have a lot of inflammatory signals about, insulin won’t work properly.” Weeks of antibiotic therapy helped, and so did diets. “If we limit their food intake they are mostly OK; they certainly are no longer obese,” he said. “They are, however, insulin-resistant.” Gewirtz’s team is now working to see if they can identify the micro-organisms involved. They are also working to see if obese people have unique patterns of gut bacteria. Scientists know that hundreds of species of bacteria live in the gut and an average person carries about 5 pounds (2 kg) worth. On Wednesday, Chinese scientists reported in the journal Nature that they found 1,000 different species in human intestines. So could you treat, obesity by taking an antibiotic to wipe out the offending germs that are making people overeat? “It is very hard to replace the bacteria that you have,” Gewirtz said. Studies already show it is difficult to treat conditions like Crohn’s disease, even with months Of antibiotics.
42. What does the passage mainly discuss? ( )
A. Influence of intestinal bacteria on appetite.
B. Eating habit and obesity.
C. Treatment of colitis.
D. Antibiotics and obesity.
43. Which of the following is NOT true about the baby mice when their embryos had been transferred into surrogate mothers? ( )
A. They had a high cholesterol level. B. They suffered from hypertension.
C. They did not use insulin effectively. D. They had been cured of colitis.
44. How was the discovery made? ( )
A. By joint efforts of the research team. B. Completely by chance.
C. In a recent study. D. Under an antibiotic therapy.
45. What is likely to be one of the reasons why some people overeat? ( )
A. That they have a very good appetite.
B. That they have unique patterns of gut bacteria.
C. That they are insulin-resistant.
D. That they suffer from Crohn’s disease and colitis.
46. All of the following are what scientists want to know EXCEPT ______.( )
A. if they could treat obesity by taking an antibiotic
B. if extremely overweight people have special patterns of intestinal bacteria
C. if hundreds of species of bacteria live in human intestines
D. if they can identify the micro-organisms involved in obesity
VII. Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage.(10%)
Silver miners first discovered Mexico’s surreal Cave of Crystals almost a decade ago. The BBC recently took a rare tour of the underground cavern that contains the world’s largest naturally grown crystals, where some selenite structures reach almost 33 feet in length.
See those little dots climbing the crystals that look like ants? Those are people.
Casual spelunkers can’t enter the cave without risking their lives, unless they have the right breathing mask and cooling suit. Stifling temperatures of 122 degrees F combined with almost 100 percent humidity posed a deadly challenge for early explorers. Such conditions mean that every breath can lead to fluid condensing inside the lungs, which represents a less-than-ideal scenario for continued breathing.
But the cave’s wonders prove alluring once you get past the dangers. The BBC’s new series “How the Earth Made Us” accompanies Iain Stewart, a geologist at the University of Plymouth in the UK, on a trip into the Naica silver mine.
Take a good look at the footage below, because the Cave of Crystals is destined to disappear once the mine owners decide to end operations and pull out their pumps. Then the mines and cave alike will flood once more.
Cave of Crystals
PART D: WRITING
VIII. Directions: Write a passage (150-200 words) in English on the following title. Develop the ideas according to the Chinese outline given below. (15%)
52. My View on Energy Crisis
(1)地球上可供开采利用的煤炭石油资源已越来越少：
(2)全球性的能源危机已经引起了人们的关注；
(3)我对解决能源危机的看法。
本自学考试真题下载：
英语科技文选试题
课程代码：00836
PART A: VOCABULARY
I. Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8%)
1.extricable 无法摆脱的
2.variant 不变量
3.period 周期的
4.play 相互作用
5.normal 异常的
6.diversify 变化;不同之处
7.habit 同居
8.rhythm 有节奏地
II. Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form.(12%)
in relation to run for a wide range of contribute to
burst forth to the tune of response to after all
cater for draw on with respect to do justice to
9. Parents often have little choice ____________ the way their child is medically treated.
10. There is ____________ opinions on house shortage.
11. Mary ____________ the Senate and won.
12. Most TV sets don’t have the sound quality to ____________ the music.
13. The money he had been ordered to pay was minimal ____________ his salary.
14. My friend sent a ____________ my letter.
15. You should not feel guilty for not helping him; ____________ you have helped him many times in the past.
16. The chef is pleased to ____________ vegetarian diets.
17. A writer has to ____________ his imagination and experience.
18. Please ____________ this collection of money for homeless families.
19. The trees ____________ in spring.
20. They’ve been sponsoring the World Cup ____________ over a million and a half pounds.
III. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)
used communication together especially leaves
years opportunities average realized devoted
Perhaps more important than the lack of family outings is the destruction of family time 21 at home. Social scientists in the 1950s could not have 22 how much television Americans would watch in the 1980s; the 23 American watches 6 hours of TV a day. That 24 little time for the special family characteristics and traditions that 25 to be formed during long evenings together. The time 26 to games, songs, and hobbies—all shared activities—in the 27 before TV is now dominated by the “tube.” And 28 damaging to family relationships is the elimination of the 29 for talking; chatting, arguing, discussing. Without such 30 , family life disintegrates.
PART B: TRANSLATION
IV. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)
reinforce untangle gigantic given typify
31.鲸鱼是海洋中一种巨大的哺乳动物。
32.假如有机会，我会整天都看书。
33.汤姆，你整理电线在行吗?
34.他的行为只能让我更讨厌他。
35.他最新的书反映了中国的传统思想，这也代表了他大部分作品的特点。
V. Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)
36. Life is a continuous flow of experience; each act or moment of time is preceded by a previous experience and becomes the threshold for the experience to come. If we acknowledge that an objective of life is the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences, then the relationship of spaces to one another, as experienced over time, becomes a major design problem. When viewed in this way, architecture takes its place with the arts of poetry and music, in which no single part can be considered except in relation to what immediately precedes or follows it.
PART C: READING COMPREHENSION
VI. Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)
(A)
Hundreds of thousands of residents in Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines and Russia’s Kamchatka were told to evacuate after one of the world’s strongest quakes in a century hit Chile on Saturday, killing more than 300 people. Japanese officials had warned that tsunami waves of 3 meters or more could strike the country’s Pacific coast and ordered or advised around 630,000 households to evacuate. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) put the country’s highest tsunami at 1.2 meters in the port of Kuji, northeast Japan. Smaller waves hit a swathe of the country from the small island of Minamitori 1,950 km (1,200 miles) south of Tokyo to Hokkaido island in the north. The JMA later downgraded its warning of a “major tsunami” to a tsunami of around 2 meters, but said residents should not let down their guard. “Carelessness could be the biggest enemy,” Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama told reporters earlier in the day. It was Japan’s first major tsunami warning in 17 years and only the fourth since 1952, the JMA said. Train services were halted in many areas along the Pacific coast, many highways were closed and there was minor flooding. Two nuclear plants in the area were operating normally and Japan’s Nippon Oil Corp said its 145,000 barrel-per-day Sendai refinery was also functioning as usual. Police cars and fire trucks patrolled coastal roads and fishing boats, seeking to avoid any tsunami, headed out to sea under gray skies, with snow flurries in some areas. Japan is no stranger to tsunamis. In 1896, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake and tsunami left more than 22,000 dead in northeastern Japan. Another of magnitude 8.1 hit the same region in 1933, killing 3,064. In May 1960, a tsunami struck the coasts of Hokkaido and other northern Pacific coastal areas after an earthquake in Chile, killing around 140 people. Since then, many harbors have had sea gates installed to try to protect from tsunami and storms. The first waves to hit New Zealand were reported at the remote Chatham Islands, around 800 kilometers (500 miles) east of New Zealand, with surges of up to 1.5 meters measured, the Civil Defense Ministry said. Authorities in Russia’s far eastern Kamchatka region lifted a tsunami alert after a series of small waves appeared to cause no damage, a spokeswoman for the Emergencies Ministry said. A tsunami hit beaches in eastern Australia but there were no initial reports of damage. Officials issued an alert for most of the east coast and eastern parts of the island state of Tasmania, but said there were no concerns about major inundation. The Philippines canceled a tsunami alert on the eastern seaboard after the threat
dissipated. Hawaii dodged serious damage on Saturday when a tsunami merely lapped ashore, although residents were warned to stay away from coastal areas because the ocean could remain unsettled for several more hours.
37. What is the passage primarily about? ( )
A. How to protect against tsunami. B. The history of tsunami.
C. The Tsunami warning. D. Chile’s earthquake.
38. According to the passage, all the following are true about Japan EXCEPT ______.
A. that Japanese authorities were concerned about the tsunami
B. that some Japanese were killed in a tsunami following a Chile’s earthquake
C. that the earthquake of 8-plus magnitude struck Japan in the same area twice within thirty years or so
D. that many harbors in Japan have had sea gates since the mid-19th century
39. Which of the following is NOT true in Japan after the officials issued a wanting of the tsunami?( )
A. Trains went out of service in many areas along the coast.
B. Many highways were closed.
C. There was serious flooding.
D. Snow flurried in some areas.
40. What can be inferred from the figures of deaths in the earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan at different times? ( )
A. Earthquakes and tsunamis are now less destructive.
B. More effective measures are now available.
C. The Japanese are more alert to the dangers of earthquakes and tsunamis.
D. The Japanese now live in anti-seismic buildings.
41. Which of the following countries put an end to the tsunami warning? ( )
A. Japan and New Zealand. B. The US and Australia.
C. Russia and the US. D. The Philippines and Russia.
(B)
It could be that certain bacteria cause inflammation that can affect appetite as well as inflammatory bowel conditions like Crohn’s disease and colitis, the researchers reported in the journal Science. In other words, the germs make you overeat, Andrew Gewirtz of Emory University in Atlanta and colleagues reported. “Previous research has suggested that bacteria can influence how well energy is absorbed from food, but these findings demonstrate that intestinal bacteria can actually influence appetite,” Gewirtz said. “The obesity epidemic is driven by people eating too much, but why are people eating more?” Gewirtz said the research suggests that bacteria may play a role — perhaps a population of bacteria that thrive because other competing organisms have been wiped out by antibiotics have access to clean water and other factors of modern life. His team stumbled on the findings by accident. “We were studying mice that had colitis,” Gewirtz said in a telephone interview. The team suspected some kind of germ was responsible, so they transferred mouse embryos into surrogate mothers to prevent them from being infected by their own mothers. Babies are colonized by bacteria and other micro-organisms soon after birth and the makeup of these colonies — which persist for life in the skin and bowels — are very similar to those of the mother. The colitis was better but the baby mice became obese and developed metabolic syndrome — a cluster of symptoms that include unhealthy cholesterol levels, too much fat around the midsection, high blood pressure and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance means the body does not use insulin effectively to break down food and Gewirtz believes this may be the key. The researchers remembered a recent study in which normal, slender mice became obese when fed gut bacteria from fat mice. They worked with that team, including Ruth Ley of Cornell University in New York, to see what role the gut bacteria may be playing. “What we think is that the mice are prone to intestinal inflammation,” Gewirtz said. “If you have a lot of inflammatory signals about, insulin won’t work properly.” Weeks of antibiotic therapy helped, and so did diets. “If we limit their food intake they are mostly OK; they certainly are no longer obese,” he said. “They are, however, insulin-resistant.” Gewirtz’s team is now working to see if they can identify the micro-organisms involved. They are also working to see if obese people have unique patterns of gut bacteria. Scientists know that hundreds of species of bacteria live in the gut and an average person carries about 5 pounds (2 kg) worth. On Wednesday, Chinese scientists reported in the journal Nature that they found 1,000 different species in human intestines. So could you treat, obesity by taking an antibiotic to wipe out the offending germs that are making people overeat? “It is very hard to replace the bacteria that you have,” Gewirtz said. Studies already show it is difficult to treat conditions like Crohn’s disease, even with months Of antibiotics.
42. What does the passage mainly discuss? ( )
A. Influence of intestinal bacteria on appetite.
B. Eating habit and obesity.
C. Treatment of colitis.
D. Antibiotics and obesity.
43. Which of the following is NOT true about the baby mice when their embryos had been transferred into surrogate mothers? ( )
A. They had a high cholesterol level. B. They suffered from hypertension.
C. They did not use insulin effectively. D. They had been cured of colitis.
44. How was the discovery made? ( )
A. By joint efforts of the research team. B. Completely by chance.
C. In a recent study. D. Under an antibiotic therapy.
45. What is likely to be one of the reasons why some people overeat? ( )
A. That they have a very good appetite.
B. That they have unique patterns of gut bacteria.
C. That they are insulin-resistant.
D. That they suffer from Crohn’s disease and colitis.
46. All of the following are what scientists want to know EXCEPT ______.( )
A. if they could treat obesity by taking an antibiotic
B. if extremely overweight people have special patterns of intestinal bacteria
C. if hundreds of species of bacteria live in human intestines
D. if they can identify the micro-organisms involved in obesity
VII. Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage.(10%)
Silver miners first discovered Mexico’s surreal Cave of Crystals almost a decade ago. The BBC recently took a rare tour of the underground cavern that contains the world’s largest naturally grown crystals, where some selenite structures reach almost 33 feet in length.
See those little dots climbing the crystals that look like ants? Those are people.
Casual spelunkers can’t enter the cave without risking their lives, unless they have the right breathing mask and cooling suit. Stifling temperatures of 122 degrees F combined with almost 100 percent humidity posed a deadly challenge for early explorers. Such conditions mean that every breath can lead to fluid condensing inside the lungs, which represents a less-than-ideal scenario for continued breathing.
But the cave’s wonders prove alluring once you get past the dangers. The BBC’s new series “How the Earth Made Us” accompanies Iain Stewart, a geologist at the University of Plymouth in the UK, on a trip into the Naica silver mine.
Take a good look at the footage below, because the Cave of Crystals is destined to disappear once the mine owners decide to end operations and pull out their pumps. Then the mines and cave alike will flood once more.
Cave of Crystals
| Location | Reserves | Danger of entrance | Cause of danger | What will happen |
| 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 |
The cave will 51 |
PART D: WRITING
VIII. Directions: Write a passage (150-200 words) in English on the following title. Develop the ideas according to the Chinese outline given below. (15%)
52. My View on Energy Crisis
(1)地球上可供开采利用的煤炭石油资源已越来越少：
(2)全球性的能源危机已经引起了人们的关注；
(3)我对解决能源危机的看法。
本自学考试真题下载：
 |
全国2012年7月自学考试00836《英语科技文选》试题 |